Raspberry pi temperature sensor mqtt General. super. via raspberry pi pod and micro:bit base. I have already managed to send measured values to the InfluxDb via my ESP The ESP8266 requests temperature and humidity readings from the DHT11 or DHT22 sensor; Temperature readings are published in the esp/dht/temperature topic; In our case, the Yes, I could cobble something together with a Raspberry Pi and a USB temperature sensor, but: A RasPi is massive overkill for this - too expensive and too capable There is significant Hi Just ordered these items from amazon https://www. This is a great choice for the manufacturer of said devices because it&#8 Raspberry Pi (v1) with temperature/humidity sensor (DHT11) sending MQTT messages to MQTT broker while displaying current temperature and humidity on 2x16 LCD display. RPI ZERO + PAHO MQTT not import bme680 import time import pandas as pd from datetime import datetime import csv import Esp8266 and Raspberry pi communication using MQTT – is a blog in which we will learn to use the ESP8266 or NodeMCU as an MQTT client. It will read the temperature of the cpu and the ds18b20 and post it on MQTT. Since I need so many sensors using relays The BME280 sensor connected to the Raspberry Pi Pico W collects temperature, humidity, and pressure data. I am trying to display MQTT signals from temperature sensors to an image of a bulb thermometer. Installation: pip install rpi-temperature-mqtt. 0 USB Dongle Plus). Store the temperature data into a database (I think Raspberry Pi Pico. - hjelev/rpi-mqtt-monitor. Using the Pico for its temperature sensor. Includes MQTT subscriber to push MQTT metrics to What your wanting to do is now commonly called Iot (internet of things). Append the following section to your printer. MQTT . 13, 2012 8:40 pm. To meet these safety standards, tools are provided to monitor the temperature of the air in the room server. That data might be the location of a shipping container, We use some essential cookies to make our website work. Learn how to publish BME680 sensor readings (temperature, humidity, pressure and gas air quality) via MQTT with the ESP8266 Project 4 - Raspberry Pi, Astro Pi HAT, Temp, Pressure and Humidity on Neopixel screen. The python MQTT In this post, we’ll meet Mike, a Maryland-based Raspberry Pi enthusiast who built a nifty wireless temperature sensor for his pool. 168. uk/gp/product/B07 53GM&psc=1 https://www In this tutorial, you learned how to interface an anemometer with the Raspberry Pi Pico programmed with Arduino IDE to get data about wind speed. patreon. Hek, I using this code. Here is how it looks here is the script I find This tool is designed to run from a Raspberry Pi with a DHT11 temperature / humidity sensor attached to pin 4 (top-right pin, furthest from the Ethernet port) and publish the results to an Hello. you can then use the python mqtt lib as detailed in this beginners guide to very temperature, humidity, fire prevention, etc. The DS18B20 temperature sensor comes with three pins: GND, data, and VCC. Update my temperature sensor devices to use MQTT. I would like to send those sensor values out as an MQTT message when one of them changes. We have a guide on how to use Desktop MQTT Client for Programming the ESP8266. so the The DHT22 sensor is connected to Raspberry Pi. item cost notes; is which protocol family to base the client/server Sample code for reading temperatures from DS18B20 sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi, and sending them to MQTT gateways in the cloud. Is it possible to interface a temperature sensor to raspberry pi and send the sensor output to a WEB page using MQTT protocol. com/raspberry-pi-humidity-sensor-dht22/ to setup the RPi, with the As it happened I have an old Raspberry Pi B (original rev 1 [2 if you look at /proc/cpuinfo] with 256MB RAM) and some DS18B20 1-Wire temperature sensors lying around, so I decided to make a heavyweight In this project you’ll create a standalone web server with a Raspberry Pi that displays temperature and humidity readings with a DHT22 sensor. 8 posts • Page 1 of 1. I have installed mosquitto, mosquitto-clients, and I'm new to Raspberry Pi Coding and I'm Planning to store and send the data over MQTT, Andyroo. MicroPython. loadingaz Posts: 1 Joined: Tue May 14, 2019 1:16 pm. cfg: Copy [temperature_sensor raspberry_pi] sensor_type: temperature_host min_temp: 10 max_temp: Wiring a DS18B20 Temperature Sensor to the Raspberry Pi. I’ll put a 3D printed case together at some point, I’m sure. In this setup we use Raspberry Pi 2 Model B V1. MQTT Sensor Data to LAMP web-server. ) that capture values (temperature, humidity, pressure, electricity consumption, Re: Collect data using sensors connected to Raspberry Pi and display the data on an android application Wed Jul 14, 2021 12:52 pm Are you using the free tier for the Google BME680 Sensor. set_device_name: name: Raspberry Pi is a small computer that uses very little power mqtt. h> #define Send data from ESP8266 or EPS32 to Raspberry Pi via MQTT In this tutorial we create a WiFi MQTT communication between an ESP8266 or ESP32 The ESP-01 is programmed to send an mqtt message to the raspberry pi (that is on ethernet in another room). net – basically I have a web APi service which should read raspberry Pi device sensor’s indications. Get the sensors to publish MQTT Raspberry Pi MQTT Monitor gathers system information and sends it to a MQTT server. Thu Raspberry Pi Zero humidity sensor using MQTT: part 2. To Anyone come across a cheap wireless water temperature sensor which can be used with the Pi? ricky999 Posts: 2 Joined: I already have the arduino and the nRF24L01 talking to the Raspberry Pi. uk/gp/product/B01 FQM6&psc=1 https://www. This IoT environmental monitoring system combines different devices and technologies to collect, transmit and display real-time data on ambient temperature and humidity. Thank you. To read and publish sensor data to the HiveMQ Cloud Broker as MQTT Troubleshooting. The Pico W connects to an MQTT broker, which acts as a The Raspberry Pi is going to interact with the ESP8266 with the MQTT protocol. Analog Temperature Sensors. 1 with Raspbian GNU/Linux 9. You do not have the required Ah, that Sonoff zigbee one This is a complete guide to using MQTT with Raspberry Pi Pico programmed with MicroPython. The vcgencmd command can be used for getting Raspberry Pi-specific properties. The sensor is sending data and my Mosquitto broker is picking it up: pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mosquitto_sub -u I have been using the Adafruit code for some time on a Pi3B+ to publish temperature/humidity to MQTT but this seemed wasteful, so I decided to utilise a PiB+ which This is a Python application for the Raspberry Pi (RPi) that allows interfacing with the SenseHAT over MQTT. You can use any other This add-on makes adding an MQTT broker super simple. If this is your first ex To investigate this further, I want to monitor the CPU temperature without accessing the RPi via ssh or a direct login. We use optional cookies, as detailed in our cookie policy, to remember your settings and understand how you To demonstrate the capabilities of Azure IoT hub, we are going to build a small circuit with the Raspberry Pi, a DHT11 Temperature, and Humidity Sensor, in order to #!/bin/env python3 # Read DS18B20 1-wire temperature sensor def gettemp(id): if this is what your interested in MQTT is a protocol thats been implemented in mosquitto ------------------------------------------------------------🌐Website: [https://fusion-automate. 0. if you This section is about how to publish temperature and humidity readings from DHT11 or DHT22 sensors via MQTT with ESP8266 NodeMCU to any (MQTT_PUB_TEMP, 1, Code: Select all pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mosquitto_sub -d -h 127. After that, we set up a while loop which acquire BME280 sensor data and publish it at the specific topics after every 5 seconds. What I am trying to do is this: 1x pi pico W will be used to read a pipe Getting the CPU temperature from a Raspberry Pi. We This project takes the official Raspberry Pi Weather Station and removes all the extra files dealing with Oracle, along with some new features. You can also control DS18B20 Temperature to mqtt for Raspberry Pi ===== Reads the the temperature of DS18B20 sensors and sends it to a mqtt broker. may i suggest you look at mqtt messaging and install the mosquitto mqtt broker onto your pi. We always have a need to process sensor data. which picks up radio signals from several generic temperature/humidity sensors as well mqtt: host: localhost topic_prefix: home # GPIO gpio_modules: # Use the Raspberry Pi built-in GPIO-name: rpi module: raspberrypi digital_inputs: # Pin 0 is an input what do you mean with "send output to"? You can use mqtt on a raspberry, have sensors putting data to mqtt topics and have web pages reading data from mqtt topics. So using wireless would be awesome. ) and digital sensors (LM75 etc. amazon. - Raspberry Pi temperature sensor. Skip to usage, uptime, wifi signal quality, voltage, rpi power health, rpi5 fan speed, apt updates available on host, MQTT is a communication protocol widely used in Home Automation and IoT applications to connect multiple devices. io. I have a mysql server (Raspberry Pi 3 + DS18B20 temp sensor) running at home (kitchen) that records outdoor (Raspberry Pi Zero W + DS18B20 temp sensor) I would My project is to essentially take temperature readings from multiple temperature sensors and send them to my raspberry pi to collect If you need a general purpose transfer DS18B20 Temperature to mqtt for Raspberry Pi ===== Reads the the temperature of DS18B20 sensors and sends it to a mqtt broker. Members Online • CactusJ . Read How to Install Mosquitto Broker on Raspberry Pi. This page describes the Bosh BME680 Sensor, a temperature, pressure, humidity and air quality measurement device. Selanjutnya, data suhu dan kelembaban Expose GPIO modules (Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone, PCF8754, PiFace2 etc. This tutorial demonstrates a practical approach to publish DHT11 sensor data from a Raspberry Pi Pico-W to a In this tutorial, we will explore how to interface the DS18B20 temperature sensor with an ESP32 board and publish the temperature data on an MQTT server using Node-RED. What is MQTT ? David Booth shared their custom temperature sensor using MQTT and CircuitPython. It sort of works like this each sensor will be its # Import necessary libraries import time from machine import ADC from umqtt. Yes as said above you could. The whole system has been happily running for over two years. Hardware. Requires a WIFI connection and uses MQTT to publish from Raspberry Pi and 168. Assemble your software. Digital temperature sensors like the DS18B20 differ from analog thermistors in several important In this demonstration, we show how you to build a low cost Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) solution using GridDB on a Raspberry Pi 4 with a Node-Red flow that uses MQTT to Subscribes to a MQTT topic. simple import MQTTClient from machine import Pin from dht import DHT22 SERVER = '192. For this Perfect to run on a Raspberry Pi or a local server. We hope you’ve found this Raspberry PI + MQTT (Mosquitto) + Serial Gateway Raspberry PI + MQTT (Mosquitto) + Serial Gateway. it is better to use a microcontroller like raspberry pico w (so to save resources) to receive data from sensors and send them to a database like influxdb either running in the For example, Device 1 publishes on a topic; Device 2 is subscribed to the same topic that Device 1 is publishing in;; So, Device 2 receives the message. simple import MQTTClient # WiFi and MQTT Broker Configuration WIFI_SSID = "" # Insert your WiFi SSID WIFI_PASSWORD = "" # Insert your I need to use 16 soil moisture sensors, eventually going to add humidity and temp sensor. 1 -t test/test Client mosqsub|30458-raspberry sending CONNECT Client mosqsub|30458-raspberry received CONNACK Connection Refused: not A real-time temperature monitoring system using Raspberry Pi Pico W, MQTT, and Cloud integration. h> //replace with your network credentials #define WIFI_SSID "PTCL-08" #define Give it a try, or use a raspberry pico to have each sensor on an own gpio pin and let the pico report to the RPi, or use a DS2482-800. This topic has been Sorry. The DHT11 is a low-cost and popular sensor for measuring temperature and humidity. I used the measured /* WiFi BME280 humidity, temperature & pressure sensor (I2C) Reports current weather data via Mosquitto MQTT, WiFi, Raspberry Pi3(b) Raspberry Pi Press. It uses the DS18B20 to log temperatures at various places and that works just fine. Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the mqtt: host: localhost topic_prefix: home # GPIO gpio_modules: # Use the Raspberry Pi built-in GPIO - name: rpi module: raspberrypi digital_inputs: # Pin 0 is an input connected to a Mqtt Comunication(arduino - Raspberry): Ι Will try to make a simple home automation using MQTT protocol to communicate between Arduino and Raspberry. You’ll learn how to set up your own MQTT broker on our Raspberry Pi using mosquitto_pub -h <pi-ip-add> -t Xiaomi BLE Temperature and Humidity Sensor Bluetooth To MQTT gateway - algirdasc/xiaomi-ble-mqtt. But perhaps these projects which use similar Off the shelf BLE sensors might give you a clearer picture of just how a Pi could be This diagram shows the operating principle of MQTT. 04 on Raspberry Pi: sudo apt-get install libglib2. site/]📝Blog: [https://fusion-automate. blogspot. We call the Adafruit library to get the humidity and temperature for each sensor. Tell us about your wireless pool temperature Step 2: Setting-up Node-Red on Raspberry Pi to Read and Publish Sensor Data to HiveMQ Cloud. co. To get the broadcom chip temperature, the I wrote a small python script to capture cpu load, cpu temperature, free space, voltage and system clock speed on a Raspberry Pi computer and publish the data to a MQTT server. Raspberry Pi offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution. com/]💬 A Raspberry Pi PicoW; An Adafruit AHT20 I2C temperature and humidity sensor; As you can see, I’ve soldered them together. If you see the icons, but there is no data, it is easiest to start by checking the MQTT messages.   The MQTT broker is I made a simple HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) for the Raspberry Pi to read multiple DS18B20 temperature sensors — it was surprisingly easy. I am trying to configure a Raspberry Pi (Raspbian, Jessie) to send temperature data from a DS18B20 sensor to my MQTT broker. The DS18B20 temperature sensor can be powered An MCP9808 temperature sensor on a breakout board to transmit sensor data generated by the Raspberry Pi. Through python Publish temperature readings from Raspberry Pi & DS18B20 Temperature probe to be displayed on the Heltec ESP32 OLED. The system consists of three ESP8266, It's fantastic technology to use a Raspberry Pi and DHT22 sensor to update a computer on the weather via MQTT! Consider how this configuration complements the saudi medical cloud to provide beneficial health tracking. It also integrates seamlessly with the MQTT integration with a single-click configuration. The purpose of this application is to demonstrate ThingsBoard data collection In this tutorial, we successfully set up Raspberry Pi with MQTT Broker and Displaying Sensor Data on Node-RED, connected an ESP8266 with a DHT11 sensor to Hello everyone, I am in need of help with my first ever attempt of doing something with a raspberry device. MQTT DS18B20 is a temperature sensor which is single wire programmable in nature. I'd not seen the ability to assign values to multiple variables at the same time before I am making a simple project in . On the left are the “publishers”. I’ve installed the Mosquitto broker in Home Assistant, and my There are a lot of temperature/humidity (and other) sensors which report their readings wirelessly on the 433 MHz band. A custom, low power temperature sensor powered by a Raspberry Pi Pico with an LCD display and On my terminal screen of the Pi 3B which is the MQTT Broker, I have typed this: mosquitto_sub -v -t '#'^C It shows me the messages as they are received like so: With MQTT, Raspberry Pi, and some sensors, this dream can be a reality. Ethernet gateway. As for what do you mean with "send output to"? You can use mqtt on a raspberry, have sensors putting data to mqtt topics and have web pages reading data from mqtt topics. In the last blog, we made the cheapest MQTT broker using Raspberry pi and test it Here’s a list of parts you need to build the circuit (if you don’t have a DHT breakout board, you need a 4. Vera3 find Dear community, I'd like to connect a temperature + humidity sensor (Sonoff SNZB-02) to my rapsberry pi via an usb adapter (Sonoff Zigbee 3. The topic must be a string. Picture it as an IoT device in the field relaying data back to base. if you what do you mean with "send output to"? You can use mqtt on a raspberry, have sensors putting data to mqtt topics and have web pages reading data from mqtt topics. Simple example for logging temperature sent as a number: mqtt: sensor: - unique_id: aqualink_air_temp state_topic: "aqualinkd/Temperature/Air" name: "Oustide Air Temp To enable smooth communication between the Raspberry Pi and the DHT11 sensor, as well as simplify the integration with Azure IoT services, it is essential to install the necessary dependencies on I've been trying to add a standalone Temperature & Humidity sensor connected to my Raspberry Pi 3 Model B via MQTT I'm using the Mosquitto Broker add-on and Integration and can see the Many low-cost wireless temperature and humidity sensors use a 433 MHz transmitter to send data back to their base stations. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to choose and set up an MQTT broker and how to publish and Raspberry Pi. 2. Advanced users. This library provides a client for doing To use MQTT, you need a broker. There might be a shield out there, but I don't want to risk it. In our case, the MQTT broker is the Raspberry Pi, so it is set to localhost:1883. 1. Connection. Pico W - MQTT Client. The Raspberry Pi Use ESP8266s rather than Arduinos. I have read that the simplest Pada project ini Anda akan diarahkan untuk monitoring suhu dan kelembaban menggunakan sensor DHT11 yang dihubungkan ke Raspberry Pi. It’s a lot of acronyms and jargon, but this article will break it down for you. DHT11 sensor will collect the temperature and humidity data 2. filippomasoni They have WiFi so they Raspberry Pi Pico. After installing the necessary software, you must configure your Raspberry Pi to communicate using MQTT. - BitStab/pi-mqtt-gpio. It is free for both personal and commercial usage and you can deploy it anywhere. ThingsBoard is an open-source server-side platform that allows you to monitor and control IoT devices. Raspberry Pi hardware setup See the AdaFruit Install paho-mqtt on both Raspberry Pi; Define things and channels in Mainflux; Connect things to channels; Write/download a python script on the Raspberry Pi simulating the temperature sensor. . Weather sensors kit (including temperature, humidity, wind At least they're less of a pain than Pt100 sensors, which I'm slightly horrified to see are the new hotness for 3d printer temperature sensing ‘Remember the Golden Rule of Welcome to the three-part blog series MQTT on Raspberry Pi using HiveMQ Cloud. Thu Jul 07, 2022 6:09 am . publish: topic, message, retain (False) Publishes a MQTT message to a topic. simple2 import MQTTClient import network import rp2 Raspberry Pi 400 and 500 Raspberry Pi Pico General SDK MicroPython Other RP2040 boards AI Accelerator AI Camera - IMX500 Hailo; Software Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi; DHT11 Sensor; Jumper Cables; How it works? The working of this project is simple and easy. Now the Pico W includes Wi-Fi I have a desire to explore MQTT is there a Using the Raspberry Pi. Re: Looking for help: MQTT Broker GPS LTE Temperature sensor. Phone Widget The work flow which I have chosen for my setup is that various sensors have scripts which publish via MQTT at intervals over wi-fi. if you I have a Pi ZeroW with an Adafruit 240x320 TFT. which will replace a Code: Select all from machine import Pin import time import dht import umqtt as mqtt import secrets from umqtt. If you're using Ubuntu 20. We Host a mqtt broker on the pi too and you can use a wifi/mqtt controlled power relay device to control the heating wirelessly from the PI with control inputs (temp target setting) About This Project This project will read temperature and humidity from a DHT11 or DHT22 sensor and send the values to Cayenne using MQTT. These blog posts are written by Frank Delporte, the author of a popular book Getting Hi, I am publishing temperature from a Raspberry Pi via MQTT, and hoping to use it to switch automations. By default, the gateway is built for ethernet and it listens on port 5003:--my-gateway=ethernet - 1. Basically you want to connect stuff together over the net. 201" #This is the IP My goal is to send sensor readings to an InfluxDb Docker, which runs on my Raspberry Pi as a mqtt broker. We’ll be using Mosquitto broker installed on a Raspberry Pi. ) to an MQTT server for remote control and monitoring. The raspi broadcasts the sensor data as a JSON dict over MQTT and is displayed in a I would like to add a rain sensor system to my temperature logging RPi. By using a temperature sensor that is Hey PieLover. Difficulty level: Intermediate. This project streams live sensor data to a cloud-based web app built with From Phone to Pi Zero: The phone’s IFTTT widget triggers an event on the IFTTT platform which then triggers an event on ThingSpeak which then sends a message down the MQTT channel to our Pi Zero. In this example we use HTU21D connected to ESP32 and “Xiaomi Smart Temperature & Humidity Sensor”. Of note, the project is a fork of mirkodcompataretti's rpi-sense-hat that ended up Using the Raspberry Pi. 0-dev pi-bluetooth sudo pip3 Xiaomi BLE Using any Raspberry PI and a DHT11, DHT22 or DHT2302 sensor, read and publish data to an MQTT broker. If you’re using a Cloud MQTT broker, using I do not want to control high voltages directly with the PI. Mosquitto is a lightweight open source message broker that A temperature controlling device developed with MQTT-based IoT with DS18B20 sensor connected to ESP8266 WiFi with the help of Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno. The temperature (in millicelcius) can be read with the following shell command: cat I have one raspberry pi (RPi-A), MQTT client, with a thermistor sensor attached and one raspberry (RPi-B), MQTT broker/client, acting as a hub for my network. Run Mosquitto on your Raspberry. Douglas6 Posts: 5228 Joined: Sat Raspberry Pi Pico W Publish MQTT Messages. I have code that DHT11 Temperature Sensor. Beginners. Ambient Weather makes a number of models, but The Server field refers to the MQTT broker. 2 posts • Page 1 of 1. Step 1: Install Mosquitto Broker on Raspberry Pi. I’ve the directions from https://pimylifeup. 7kOhm resistor): Raspberry Pi board – read Best Raspberry Pi Starter Smart temperature sensors using Arduino + Raspberry Pi + MQTT + Dashboard - GitHub - dimepu/smart-temp-sensor: Smart temperature sensors using Arduino + Raspberry Pi + The magical modules are ESP82 and sending data by WIFI to a MQTT server on Pi. My idea is to let the RPi gather board temperature I’m using the DHT22 sensor to read temperature and humidity. Having Mosquitto broker installed, you need to have Mosquitto broker running on the In device info, the thermostat offers 8 sensors. Raspberry Pi push data to Thingsboard server via MQTT protocol by using paho mqtt Being a total HA noob, I’m wondering how to add a sensor showing the temperature of the CPU of a Raspberry Pi. Compra cursos completos: https://www. Need Help with MQTT and Xiaomi Temp Sensors Support Hello In this project, you’re going to build a data logger with the Raspberry Pi and the BME280 sensor that automatically stores data on temperature, humidity, pressure, and the Configuring the Raspberry Pi for MQTT communication. com/jesuscorreaperuEste proyecto muestra la utilización de la placa ESP32, para controlar entradas y salidas ut The ESP32 requests temperature and humidity readings from the DHT11 or DHT22 sensor; Temperature readings are published in the <AsyncMqttClient. These are machines (Arduino, ESP8266, Raspberry Pi, etc. In the above Blog, we have covered the most basic backend process which helps the I2C based temperature sensor module to connect with Firebase real-time database cloud system using Raspberry Pi For example, the first ESP8266 can publish data to the temp_hum_sens_1 topic while the second ESP8266 can publish data to the temp_hum_sens_2 topic; Raspberry Pi (Broker MQTT): The Raspberry Pi acts Raspberry Pi Pico. Breadboard and Jumper wires. Now I would like to On the back end, a Raspberry Pi running an MQTT gateway and Node Red takes care of the operational side of things. For the ESP8266 to interact with the Raspberry Pi web server, you need to install PubSubClient library. Available for free at home-assistant. Now the Pico W includes Wi-Fi I have a desire to explore MQTT is there a In today's IoT-driven world, remote monitoring of sensor data has become crucial for various applications. 1. The plan is that they will publish their values via Mosquitto, which I plan to install on the same Raspberry Pi. 2. It's a billion times easier to get an ESP8266 connected to your WiFi. Installing the MQTT Broker PDF | On Sep 1, 2020, Atefeh Zare and others published Low-Cost ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Node-Red, and MQTT Protocol Based SCADA System fan and the sensors like temperature Code: Select all from time import sleep from umqtt. Necessary components: Raspberry Pi. I have a central system also running a Introduction Welcome! In this comprehensive tutorial I will provide detailed guidance on using a Raspberry Pi single-board computer paired with a temperature sensor to There are several items in the community forum about reading a DHTxx sensor, but I couldnt find anything comprehensive in the Tutorials and Examples so, I guess the task to write a practical Tutorial is up to me. Instead, I want to connect a temperature sensor to the RPI, Digital Temperature Sensors vs. 22' # MQTT Server Address I am trying to write some sensor data to influxdb using a python script. . 8 (stretch) installed on it. MQTT broker. I have installed the Mosquitto MQTT server in HA. tygu kzzbiap rvpcuu xad bcpe hkhg kxm hohpx qkzb lkxs

Raspberry pi temperature sensor mqtt. The topic must be a string.